Kamis, 19 Juli 2012

Branches of biology


These are the main branches of biology:

Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles
Agriculture – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
Arachnology – the study of arachnids
Astrobiology – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy
Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics
Biomedical research – the study of the human body in health and disease
Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
Biotechnology – a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
Building biology – the study of the indoor living environment
Botany – the study of plants
Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
Entomology – the study of insects
Environmental biology – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
Epidemiology – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
Ethology – the study of animal behavior
Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
Genetics – the study of genes and heredity
Herpetology – the study of reptiles and amphibians
Histology – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
Ichthyology – the study of fish
Integrative biology – the study of whole organisms
Limnology – the study of inland waters
Mammalogy – the study of mammals
Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
Mycology – the study of fungi
Neurobiology – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
Oncology – the study of cancer processes, including virus or mutation oncogenesis, angiogenesis and tissues remoldings
Ornithology – the study of birds
Population biology – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
Population ecology – the study of how population dynamics and extinction
Population genetics – the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
Parasitology – the study of parasites and parasitism
Pharmacology – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
Physiology – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
Psychobiology – the study of the biological bases of psychology
Sociobiology – the study of the biological bases of sociology
Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
Synthetic Biology- research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
Virology – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include: Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology)

Ditulis Oleh : enjoy87 // 06.20
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